Abbie (Abbott) Hoffman
4,101 pages FBI File
________________________________________
Abbie Hoffman, 1960s and 70s activist and anarchist, was Co-Founder of Youth
International Party (YIP a.k.a. Yippies) and one of "Chicago Seven". He was
the subject of a security investigation in 1968 in view of his anarchist
actions, as well as an anti-riot law investigation as a result of his
leadership in disturbances at the 1968 Democratic National Convention (DEMCON)
in Chicago.
http://web.archive.org/web/20000621201955/http://foia.fbi.gov/hoffsum.htm
"The Chicago Seven" Trial
1969 - 1970
http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Chicago7/chicago7.html
The Chicago Seven Trial: A
Chronology
1960
Abbie Hoffman said he was "pychologically born" in this year.
October, 1967
Hoffman arrested while attempting to measure the Pentagon.
December, 1967
Hoffman and Rubin meet to discuss possibility of having demonstrations at
the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago.
January 24, 1968
The National Mobilization Committee (MOBE) meets in New York to discuss
possible demonstrations in Chicago. Dellinger, Davis, and Hayden are in
attendence.
March 17, 1968
A press conference is held to announce that the Yippies will sponsor a
"Festival of Life" in Chicago during the upcoming Democratic Convention.
March 23, 1968
A meeting sponsored by MOBE is held near Chicago to debate whether to hold
demonstrations at the Convention. In attendence are Dellinger, Davis,
Hayden, Hoffman, and Rubin.
March 26, 1968
Yippies submit application for demonstrations to Chicago Parks Department.
April 11, 1968
Amid concerns about rising protests of the Viet Nam War, Congress enacts the
Anti-Riot Act of 1968.
August 5, 1968
Deputy Mayor Stahl indicates his unwillingness to grant permit application
for sleeping in Chicago parks.
August 9, 1968
A National Mobilization Committee meeting is held in Chicago to discuss
planned demonstrations. Davis allegedly suggests disrupting traffic and
creating havoc in the Loop.
August 14, 1968
ACLU suit seeking an injunction requiring issuance of permit is withdrawn
after hearing amid concerns that court might instead enjoin demonstrators.
August 22, 1968
Davis tells city officials it would be "suicide" not to allow demonstrators
to sleep in city parks.
August 23, 1968
Classes are held in Lincoln Park on karate, snake dancing, and other means
of self-defense. Police post "11 p.m. curfew" signs in park trees.
August 24, 1968
A meeting is held to discuss whether to obey city's 11 p.m. curfew.
August 25, 1968
Police club persons attending a music festival in Lincoln Park who refuse to
leave at curfew. Davis and Hayden meet to lead march to the Conrad Hilton,
the main Convention hotel. At 9 p.m., police confront and attack some
demonstrators. Rubin allegedly urges demonstrators to attack police. At
10:30 p.m., two police officers observe Hayden letting the air out of tires
of their police car.
August 26, 1968
Hoffman calls Deputy Mayor Stahl to protest decision to forcibly drive
people out of park. Hayden is arrested in the afternoon for the squad car
incident. Hoffman and Rubin allegedly urge demonstrators to hold Lincoln
Park. Davis urges demonstrators "Don't let the pigs take the hill (high
ground near a statue in the park)." About 3,000 demonstrators gathered in
park for chanting, singing songs, and talking are attacked by police with
clubs and tear gas after 11 p.m. curfew.
August 27, 1968
Allan Ginsberg leads a sunrise service that includes chanting, prayers, and
meditation. About 4,000 gather at a rally in the Chicago Coliseum to hear
Dellinger, Hoffman, folksinger Phil Ochs, novelist William Burroughs and
others. A planned march to the Amphitheatre, site of the Democratic National
Convention, is discussed. Bobby Seale addressed a crowd of about 2,000 in
Lincoln Park. Seale's address is observed by undercover police officer
Robert Pierson. At 11:20 p.m. in Lincoln Park, police charge and beat
demonstrators. Some enraged demonstrators smash windows and streetlights.
Violent encounters between police and demonstrators occur in the streets
near Grant Park.
August 28, 1968
Hoffman is arrested while having breakfast for having the word "Fuck" on his
forehead. Dellinger, Seale, Davis, and Hayden address 10,000 to 15,000
demonstrators at the bandshell in Grant Park, opposite the Hilton. Democrats
nominate Hubert Humphrey as their candidate for President. Dellinger
announces that he will lead a march to the Amphitheatre. The march is
stopped by police. Demonstators are attacked by police with teargas and
clubs at Balbo and Michigan and other locations in the area.
August 29, 1968
Senator Eugene McCarthy, Dick Gregory are among others who address a crowd
in Grant Park. Hoffman allegedly proposes the kidnapping of Superintendent
Rochford.
November 5, 1968
Nixon narrowly defeats Humphrey in the presidential election. Many blame
Humphrey's defeat on the rioting and division at the Democratic Convention.
March 20, 1969
A federal grand jury indicts the Chicago Eight.
April 9, 1969
The Chicago Eight are arraigned.
August, 1969
Bobby Seale is arrested in connection with Connecticut charges of murder.
September 24, 1969
The trial of the Chicago Eight begins in Chicago before Judge Julius
Hoffman.
October 29 to November 3, 1969
Because of his courtroom outbursts, Bobby Seale is ordered bound and gagged.
November 5, 1969
The trial of Seale is severed from the trial of what now becomes the Chicago
Seven.
February 14, 1970
The case goes to the jury.
February 18, 1970
The jury returns its verdict, finding five of the seven defendants guilty of
violating the Anti-Riot Act of 1968. Froines and Weiner are acquitted.
February 20, 1970
Judge Hoffman sentences the convicted defendants.
May 11, 1972
The Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals reverses the contempt convictions of
the Chicago Seven and their two defense attorneys, Leonard Weinglass and
William Kunstler.
November 21, 1972
The Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals reverses the convictions of Hoffman,
Rubin, Dellinger, Davis, and Hayden.
1974
Hoffman has plastic surgery and goes underground in upstate New York for
seven years to avoid trial on cocaine charges. He serves a sentence in a
work-release program in 1981-82.
1983
Judge Julius Hoffman dies at age 87.
April 12, 1989
Abbie Hoffman commits suicide at age 52.
November 28, 1994
Jerry Rubin dies after being hit by a car while jaywalking.
1995
William Kunstler dies of a heart attack.
August, 1996
Tom Hayden, state senator, is a California delegate to the Democratic
National Convention in Chicago. Rennie Davis, activist and personal growth
lecturer, is also in town.
August 27, 1998
David Dellinger, aged 83, is arrested while demonstrating at a nuclear
reactor.
http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Chicago7/chronology.html
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS
EASTERN DIVISION
| UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
-vs-
DAVID T. DELLINGER,
RENNARD C. DAVIS,
THOMAS E. HAYDEN,
ABBOTT H. HOFFMAN,
JERRY C. RUBIN,
LEE WEINER,
JOHN R. FROINES, and
BOBBY G.SEALE |
No. 69CRI80
Violation: Title 18,
United States Code, Section
371, 231 (a) (1) and 2 101 |
INDICTMENT
The SEPTEMBER 1968 GRAND JURY charges:
1. Beginning on or about April 12, 1968, and continuing through
on or about August 30, 1968, in the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern
Division, and elsewhere,
| |
DAVID T. DELLINGER,
RENNARD C. DAVIS,
THOMAS E. HAYDEN,
ABBOTT H. HOFFMAN,
JERRY C. RUBIN,
LEE WEINER,
JOHN R. FROINES and
BOBBY SEALE, |
|
defendants herein, unlawfully, wilfully and knowingly did combine,
conspire, confederate and agree together and with
WOLFE B. LOWENTHAL
STEWART E. ALBERT,
SIDNEY M. PECK,
KATHIE BOUDIN,
SARA C. BROWN,
CORINA F. FALES,
BENJAMIN RADFORD,
BRADFORD FOX,
THOMAS W. NEUMANN, |
|
CRAIG SHIMABUKURO,
BO TAYLOR,
DAVID A. BAKER,
RICHARD BOSCIANO,
TERRY GROSS,
DONNA GRIPE,
BENJAMIN ORITZ,
JOSEPH TORNABENE and
RICHARD PALMER |
being co-conspirators not named as defendants herein, and with
divers other persons, some known and others unknown to the Grand Jury, to
commit offenses against the United States, that is:
a. to travel in interstate commerce and use the facilities of
interstate commerce with the intent to incite, organize, promote, encourage,
participate in, and carry on a riot and to commit acts of violence in
furtherance of a riot, and to aid and abet persons in inciting,
participating in, and carrying on a riot and committing acts of violence in
furtherance of a riot, and during the course of such travel, and use, and
thereafter, to perform overt acts for the purpose of inciting, organizing,
promoting, encouraging, participating in, and carrying on a riot, and
committing acts of violence in furtherance of a riot, and aiding and
abetting persons in inciting, participating in, and carrying out a riot, and
committing acts of violence in furtherance of a riot, in violation of
Section 2101 of Title 18, United States Code;and
b. to teach and demonstrate to other persons the use,
application, and making of incendiary devices, knowing, having reason to
know, and intending that said incendiary devices would be unlawfully
employed for use in and in furtherance of civil disorders which may
obstruct, delay and adversely affect commerce and the movement of articles
and commodities in commerce and the conduct and performance of federally
protected functions, in violation of Section 231 (a) (I) of Title 18, United
States Code; and,
c. to commit acts to obstruct, impede, and interfere with
firemen and law enforcement officers lawfully enaged in the lawful
performance of their official duties incident to and during the commission
of civil disorders which obstruct, delay, and adversely affect commerce and
the movement of articles and commodities in commerce and the conduct and
performance of federally projected functions in violation of Section 231 (a)
(3) of Title 18, United States Code.
2. It was a part of said conspiracy that from on or about April
12, 1968, through on or about August 24, 1968, the defendants DAVID T.
DELLINGER, RENNARD C. DAVIS, THOMAS E. HAYDEN, ABBOTT H. HOFFMAN and JERRY
C. RUBIN, and other co-conspirators not named as defendants herein, would
organize and attend various meetings, would publish and cause to be
published articles, and would make and cause to be made long distance
telephone calls for the purpose of encouraging persons to come to Chicago,
Illinois, to participate in massive demonstrations during the period of on
or about August 25, 1968, through on or about August 29, 1968.
3. It was a further part of said conspiracy that the defendants
DAVID T. DELLINGER, RENNARD C. DAVIS and THOMAS E. HAYDEN, and other
co-conspirators not named as defendants herein, would maintain and cause to
be maintained an office of the National Mobilization Committee to End the
War in Vietnam at 407 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois, and other
"movement centers," to be used for the planning and organizing of activities
to take place in Chicago during the period of on or about August 25, 1968,
through on or about August 29, 1968.
4. It was a further part of said conspiracy that from on or about
August 13, 1968, through on or about August 24, 1968, the defendants DAVID
T. DELLINGER, RENNARD C. DAVIS, THOMAS E. HAYDEN, ABBOTT H. HOFFMAN, JERRY
C. RUBIN, LEE WEINER and JOHN R. FROINES and other co-conspirators not named
as defendants herein, would select and cause to be selected persons
designated as "marshals" and would conduct and cause to be conducted
training sessions for such "marshals" at which instructions would be given
in techniques of resisting and obstructing police action, including karate,
Japanese snake dancing, methods of freeing persons being arrested, and
counter kicks to knee and groin.
5. It was further part of said conspiracy that from on or about
August 1, 1968, through on or about August 29, 1968, the defendants DAVID T.
DELLINGER, RENNARD C. DAVIS, THOMAS E. HAYDEN, ABBOTT H. HOFFMAN, JERRY C.
RUBIN, LEE WEINER, JOHN R. FROINES and BOBBY G. SEALE, and other
coconspirators not named as defendants herein, would plan, carry into
effect, and cause to be carried into effect actions and tactics to be
employed by groups of persons in Chicago, Illinois, during the period of on
or about August 25, 1 968, through on or about August 29, 1968, which
actions and tactics would include but would not be limited to the following:
a. large numbers of persons would march to the International
Amphitheatre, Chicago, Illinois, even if permits authorizing such marches
were denied;
b. large numbers of persons would remain in Lincoln Park,
Chicago, Illinois, after 11:00 P.m., even if permits authorizing such
persons to remain were denied, and would set up defenses and would attempt
to hold the Park against police efforts to clear it, were permits denied;
c. large numbers of persons would break windows, set off false
fire alarms, set small fires, disable automobiles, create disturbances at
various hotels in the Chicago Loop area, and throughout the city of Chicago,
for the purpose of disrupting the city and caus-
ing the deployment of military forces;
d. on or about August 28, 1968, large numbers of persons would
block, obstruct and impede pedestrian and vehicular traffic in the Chicago
Loop area, and would occupy and forcibly hold all or part of the Conrad
Hilton Hotel in Chicago.
6. It was a further part of said conspiracy that from on or about
August 25, 1968, through on or about August 29, 1968, the defendants DAVID
T. DELLINGER, RENNARD C. DAVIS, THOMAS E. HAYDEN, ABBOTT H. HOFFMAN, JERRY
C. RUBIN, LEE WEINER, JOHN R. FROINES and BOBBY G. SEALE, and other
coconspirators not named as defendants herein, would make statements and
speeches to assemblages of persons encouraging them to remain in and hold
Lincoln Park against police efforts to clear it after permits to remain
therein had been denied; to march to the International Amphitheatre after
permits authorizing such march had been denied; to make weapons to be used
against the police; to shout obscenities at, throw objects, threaten and
physically assault policemen and National Guard troops; and to obstruct
traffic and damage and seize property in the city of Chicago.
7. It was a further part of said conspiracy that on or about
August 27, 1968, BOBBY G. SEALE would travel to Chicago, Illinois, where he
would speak to assemblages of persons for the purpose of inciting,
organizing, promoting and encouraging a riot.
8. It was a further part of said conspiracy that JOHN R. FROINES
and LEE WEINER would teach and demonstrate to other persons the use,
application and making of an incendiary device, intending that said
incendiary device would be employed to damage the underground garage at
Grant Park, Chicago, Illinois, on the evening of August 29, 1968.
9. It was a further part of said conspiracy that the defendants
and co-conspirators would misrepresent, conceal, and hide and cause to be
misrepresented, concealed and hidden, the purpose of and the acts done in
furtherance of said conspiracy.
Overt Acts
At the times hereinafter mentioned the defendants committed, among
others, the following overt acts in furtherance of the conspiracy and to
effect the objects thereof:
1. The Grand Jury realleges and incorporates by reference the
allegations contained in Counts 11 through VIII of this indictment, each of
which count is alleged as a separate and distinct overt act.
2. On or about July 23, 1968, JERRY C. RUBIN spoke to an
assemblage of persons at 48th Street and Park Avenue, New York, New York.
3. On or about July 25, 1968, THOMAS E. HAYDEN spoke to an
assemblage of persons at the Diplomat Hotel, New York, New York.
4. On or about August 1, 1968, RENNARD C. DAVIS spoke to an
assemblage of persons at 30 West Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois.
5. On or about August 15, 1968, RENNARD C. DAVIS, THOMAS E. HAYDEN
and JOHN R. FROINES participated in a meeting at Lincoln Park, Chicago,
Illinois.
6. On or about August 18, 1968, RENNARD C. DAVIS, LEE WEINER and
JOHN R. FROINES participated in a meeting at 1012 North Noble Street,
Chicago, Illinois.
7. On or about August 20, 1968, RENNARD C. DAVIS, ABBOT H.
HOFFMAN, LEE WEINER and JOHN R. FROINES participated in a meeting at the
National Mobilization Committee office at 407 South Dearborn Street,
Chicago, Illinois.
8. On or about August 24,1968, DAVID T. DELLINGER, RENNARD C.
DAVIS, THOMAS E. HAYDEN, ABBOTT H. HOFFMAN, LEE WEINER and JOHN R. FROINES
attended a "marshal" training session at Lincoln Park, Chicago, Illinois.
9. On or about August 25,1968, DAVID T. DELLINGER, RENNARD C.
DAVIS, THOMAS E. HAYDEN and ABBOTT H. HOFFMAN met at the National
Mobilization Committee office at 407 South Dearborn Street, Chicago,
Illinois.
10. On or about August 26,1968, RENNARD C. DAVIS, JERRY C. RUBIN,
LEE WEINER, and JOHN R. FROINES met at Lincoln Park, Chicago, Illinois.
11. On or about August 27, 1968, JERRY C. RUBIN, BOBBY G. SEALE
and others spoke to an assemblage of persons at Lincoln Park, Chicago,
Illinois.
12. On or about August 28, 1968, DAVID T. DELLINGER, THOMAS E.
HAYDEN, JERRY C. RUBIN and others spoke to an assemblage of persons at Grant
Park, Chicago, Illinois.
13. On or about August 29, 1968, LEE WEINER and JOHN R. FROINES
engaged in a conversation at Grant Park, Chicago, Illinois.
All in violation of Section 371 of Title 18, United States Code.
Count II
The SEPTEMBER 1968 GRAND JURY further charges:
That during the period beginning on or about July 20, 1968, through on
or about August 22, 1968,
DAVID T. DELLINGER,
defendant herein, did travel in interstate commerce from outside the
State of Illinois to Chicago, Illinois, Northern District of Illinois,
Eastern Division, with intent to incite, organize, promote and encourage a
riot and, thereafter, on or about August 28, 1968, at Grant Park, Chicago,
Illinois, he did speak to an assemblage of persons for the purpose of
inciting, organizing, promoting and encouraging a riot, in violation of
Title 18, United States Code, Section 2101.
Count III
The SEPTEMBER 1968 GRAND JURY further charges:
That during the period beginning on or about July 20, 1968, through on
or about August 1, 1968,
RENNARD C. DAVIS,
defendant herein, did travel in interstate commerce from outside the
State of Illinois to Chicago, Illinois, Northern District of Illinois,
Eastern Division, with intent to incite, organize, promote and encourage a
riot, and thereafter, on or about August 1, 1968, at 30 West Chicago Avenue,
Chicago, Illinois, and on or about August 9, 1968, at 407 South Dearborn
Street, Chicago, Illinois, and on or about August 18, 1968, at 1012 North
Noble Street, Chicago, Illinois, and on or about August 26, 1968, at Grant
Park, Chicago, Illinois, he did speak to assemblages of persons for the
purpose of inciting, organizing, promoting and encouraging a riot; in
violation of Title 18, United States Code, Section 2 101.
Count IV
The SEPTEMBER 1968 GRAND JURY further charges:
That during the period beginning on or about July 20, 1968, through on
or about August 22, 1968,
THOMAS E. HAYDEN,
defendant herein, did travel in interstate commerce from outside the
State of Illinois to Chicago, Illinois, Northern District of Illinois.
Eastern Division, with intent to incite, organize, promote and encourage a
riot and, thereafter, on or about August 26, 1968, at Grant Park, Chicago,
Illinois, he did speak to assemblages of persons for the purposes of
inciting, organizing, promoting and encouraging a riot; in violation of
Title 18, United States Code, Section 2101.
Count V
The SEPTEMBER 1968 GRAND JURY further charges:
That during the period beginning on or about August 1, 1968, through on
or about August 7, 1968,
ABBOTT H. HOFFMAN,
defendant herein, did travel in interstate commerce from outside the
State of Illinois to Chicago, Illinois, Northern District of Illinois,
Eastern Division, with intent to incite, organize, promote and encourage a
riot and, thereafter, on or about August 26, 1968, at Lincoln Park, Chicago,
Illinois, and on or about August 27, 1968, at Lincoln Park, Chicago,
Illinois, and on or about August 29, 1968, at Grant Park, Chicago, Illinois,
he did speak to assemblages of persons for the purpose of inciting,
organizing, promoting, and encouraging a riot; in violation of Title 18,
United States Code, Section 2101.
Count VI
The SEPTEMBER 1968 GRAND JURY further charges:
That during the period beginning on or about July 23, 1968, through on
or about August 21, 1968,
JERRY C. RUBIN,
defendant herein, did travel in interstate commerce from outside the
State of Illinois to Chicago, Illinois, Northern District of Illinois,
Eastern Division, with intent to incite, organize, promote and encourage a
riot and, thereafter, on or about August 25, 1968, at Lincoln Park, Chicago,
Illinois, and on or about August 26, 1968, at Lincoln Park, Chicago,
Illinois, he did speak to assemblages of persons for the purposes of
inciting, organizing, promoting and encouraging a riot; in violation of
Title 18, United States Code, Section 2101.
Count VII
The SEPTEMBER 1968 GRAND JURY further charges:
That on or about August 29, 1968, at Chicago, Illinois, in the Northern
District of Illinois, Eastern Division,
JOHN R. FROINES and
LEE WEINER,
defendants herein, did teach and demonstrate to other persons the use,
application and making of an incendiary device knowing, having reason to
know and intending that said incendiary device would be unlawfully employed
for use in and in furtherance of a civil disorder which may obstruct, delay
and adversely affect commerce and the movement of articles and commodities
in commerce; in violation of Title 18, United States Code, Section 231 (a)
(1).
Count VIII
The SEPTEMBER 1968 GRAND JURY further charges:
That on or about August 27, 1968,
BOBBY G. SEALE,
defendant herein, did travel in interstate commerce from outside the
State of Illinois to Chicago, Illinois, Northern District of Illinois,
Eastern Division, with intent to incite, organize, promote and encourage a
riot and, thereafter, on or about August 27, 1968, at Lincoln Park, Chicago,
Illinois, and on or about August 28, 1968, at Grant Park, Chicago, Illinois,
he did speak to assemblages of persons for the purposes of inciting,
organizing, promoting and encouraging a riot; in violation of Title 18,
United States Code, Section 2101.
http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Chicago7/indictment.html
The Chicago Seven
Trial: Audio Clips
(requires real audio)
Defense Attorney William Kunstler (1971,72 seconds, 149K)
Defendant Abbie Hoffman (1970, 66 seconds, 135K)**
Defendant Tom Hayden (1970, 27 seconds,55K)**
Defendant Rennie Davis (1970, 41 seconds, 84K)**
Defendant Jerry Rubin (1970, 56 seconds, 104K)**
Prosecutor Thomas Foran (1970, 13 seconds, 27K)
Prosecutor Richard Schultz (1970,16 seconds, 33K)
Country Joe McDonald, Witness (1970, 55 seconds, 111K)**
Norman Mailer, Witness (1970, 132 seconds, 270K)**
Julian Bond, Witness (1970, 60 seconds, 123K)**
http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Chicago7/audio.html
MAPS:
Map 1.
Map 2.
http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Chicago7/mappage.html
ABBIE HOFFMAN WAS NOT
FAMOUS!
http://web.archive.org/web/20040225080754/http://free.freespeech.org/kokopeli/abbie.html
Abbie Hoffman
Abbie Hoffman was a leader of the Youth International Party. At trial,
Hoffman described himself as "an orphan of America" and "a child of
Woodstock Nation." He was, perhaps, the most intriguing figure in Judge
Hoffman's courtroom. Hoffman believed that identity is defined by myth
propagated through the media.
Hoffman was born in Worcester, Massachusetts on November 30, 1936. He
graduated from Brandeis in 1959, then picked up a master's degree at
Berkeley. In the early 1960's, he returned to Worcester to work as a
psychologist in a state hospital. His career in political activism began
with his work for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in the
South. Hoffman was still relatively straight until 1966 when he turned onto
drugs and began the loosely organized Yippie movement.
Hoffman went underwent plastic surgery and assumed the underground alias of
"Barry Freed" in 1974 to avoid trial on charges of possessing cocaine. He
stayed underground in upper New York state until 1980, when he surrendered
to authorities. He was sentenced to a work-release program in 1981-82, then
resumed his life of political activism. In 1987, Hoffman was arrested for
the forty-second time while protesting CIA recruitment at the University of
Massachusetts with Amy Carter and thirteen others.
At a 1988 reunion of the Chicago Seven, Hoffman described himself as "an
American dissident. I don't think my goals have changed since I was four and
I fought schoolyard bullies."
On April 12, 1989, Hoffman was found dead at his home in New Hope,
Pennsylvania. The death was later ruled a suicide.
http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Chicago7/hoffmanA.html
PHOTOS:
Chicago Seven
Rally at Logan Statue
