First cloned human embryo revealed
Sci/Tech
First cloned human embryo revealed
The first cloned human embryo: a collection of stem cells produced using nuclear transfer.
Details of the first human embryo to be cloned have been released.
The watershed achievement in biotechnology actually happened last November, but more
information was revealed on Thursday. It was achieved using a cell from a man's leg and a
cow's egg.
The scientists who created the clone see it as a significant step forward in the search
for a way of producing human stem cells.
These are "master" cells which can develop into any type of cell - skin, bone,
blood etc. They are believed to have the potential to provide perfect-match tissue for
transplantation and the treatment of diseases such as Parkinson's and stroke.
Cloning questions
But this development will also see a significant heightening of the debate over the ethics
of human cloning and, indeed, what it means to be a human.
American Cell Technology (ACT), a leading, private biotechnology company, cloned the first
human embryo and let it develop for twelve days before destroying it. In a normal
pregancy, an embryo implants into the womb wall after 14 days.
Dr Robert Lanza, ACT's
director of tissue engineering, told the Daily Mail newspaper that the embryo cannot be
seen as a person before 14 days. The company say they have released news of the discovery
to try to allay fears over the artificial conception of life.
It is believed that many more human embryos have been created and destroyed since
November. Then it was announced that stem cells had been cloned, not that embryos had been
allowed to develop.
No cloned children
ACT say they have no intention of attempting to use a cloned
human embryo to start a pregnancy - their aim is "therapeutic cloning" not
"reproductive cloning".
Lord Robert Winston, a British fertility expert, said the research was "totally
ethical".
But opponents say that the development of the technology makes the eventual birth of a
human clone inevitable. This, they say, would have profound implications for the nature of
family relationships, the law and health.
Tough technology
The technology used to create the clone was very similar to that used to make Dolly the
Sheep. Over 200 embryos were used before Dolly finally appeared, showing that cloning is
not a well-understood or easy-to-perform technique.
It is understood that ACT used a cow's egg. This had its DNA removed and replaced with
human DNA. The new cell was then chemically persuaded to behave like a new embryo and
start dividing. This is how ACT hope to cultivate stem cells.
But Dr Maisam Mitalipova, a pioneer of this human-cow type of cloning, told the Daily
Mail: "We didn't get good quality embryos and so they may not get good quality stem
cells."
Cloning competition
Another US company, Geron, are also reported to be attempting to clone human embryos for
therapeutic purposes.
They recently bought all the shares in Roslin Bio-Med, a company set up to commercialise
the cloning expertise of the Roslin Institute, Scotland, where Dolly the sheep was
created.
Geron has not publicly stated whether their attempts have been successful and it may be
that ACT have acheived the feat first.
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>The first cloned human embryo: a collection of
stem cells produced using nuclear transfer.<
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